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- <text id=91TT2219>
- <title>
- Oct. 07, 1991: Incest Comes Out of the Dark
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Oct. 07, 1991 Defusing the Nuclear Threat
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- HEALTH, Page 46
- Incest Comes Out of the Dark
- </hdr><body>
- <p>As the taboos against talking about it crumble, thousands of
- Americans, like Roseanne Arnold, are going public with their
- stories of anguish and healing
- </p>
- <p>By Christine Gorman--Reported by Barbara Dolan/Chicago and
- Janice M. Horowitz/New York
- </p>
- <p> Incest with a child is among the most horrible crimes an
- adult can commit. But it is also one of the easiest to hide.
- Children are pressured not to tell. No one wants to believe
- parents or other relatives ever sexually abuse their young
- charges. But this conspiracy of silence, which only helps
- perpetuate the tragedy, is beginning to crumble.
- </p>
- <p> Comedian Roseanne Arnold captured the attention and
- sympathy of millions of Americans last week after she disclosed
- that she had been sexually abused by both her parents as a
- child. "It's the secret that's been killing me my whole life,"
- Arnold, 38, says. "I feel like screaming; I feel like running;
- I struggle hard not to forget again." She follows several other
- prominent people, including talk-show host Oprah Winfrey and
- former Miss America Marilyn Van Derbur, in telling stories of
- childhood abuse. And for every celebrity who has gone public,
- thousands of ordinary people have found the courage to confront
- their own pain, tell others about it and seek help.
- </p>
- <p> Just 15 years ago, many psychiatrists believed incest was
- rare and perpetrated only by fathers or stepfathers on their
- daughters. Those myths have since been shattered. Researchers
- estimate that between 200,000 and 360,000 cases of child sexual
- abuse occur each year in the U.S. Perhaps 80% of these involve
- incest. Surveys in California and Massachusetts in the 1980s
- found that as many as 1 in 5 girls and 1 in 7 boys under the age
- of 18 had been sexually abused by a relative--anyone from a
- father to a mother or an in-law.
- </p>
- <p> Another myth holds that incest occurs only if there is
- anal, oral or vaginal penetration. "That's like saying only
- people who drink three liters of alcohol a day are alcoholics,"
- says a Chicago psychiatrist who was a victim of incest. During
- the past decade, the definition of incest has been broadened to
- include fondling, rubbing one's genitals against a child, and
- excessive or suggestive washing of a youngster's pubic area,
- among other sexual behaviors.
- </p>
- <p> Information about how incest thwarts normal development is
- being used to help people overcome its lifelong devastating
- effects. During the first two years of life, children must learn
- how to view themselves as being distinct from their
- surroundings and the people around them; they are not born with
- the knowledge. Incest plays havoc with this healthy process by
- violating a child before a sense of personal integrity can fully
- take hold. Survivors of incest fall victim to extremes. They
- grow up unable to trust others or, alternatively, tending to
- trust too easily. They shut down sexually or become wildly
- promiscuous.
- </p>
- <p> Physically unable to resist, many children defend
- themselves in the only way they know how: by wishing the attacks
- away. About a quarter of the youngsters completely repress the
- painful memories, although they will still suffer the effects
- of abuse. Some, like Carolyn Loshbaugh, 45, of Denver, gain a
- hundred pounds by overeating in an unconscious attempt to make
- themselves less alluring to their abusers. "Of course, I've been
- using wrong techniques for keeping myself safe, thinking that
- being overweight will keep me safe," she says. Others, including
- Arnold, try all sorts of escape routes. Growing up, she cut
- herself, abused drugs and alcohol and hitchhiked five times
- across the U.S.
- </p>
- <p> Eventually many incest survivors will recover at least
- some memories of their trauma. Generally the flashbacks begin
- only after the victims reach their 30s, when they are either
- strong enough or safe enough to tolerate the pain. The most
- common memory triggers include learning about someone else's
- abuse, seeing children attain the same age at which one's own
- abuse occurred and undergoing therapy or hearing about the
- abuser's death.
- </p>
- <p> Even if they remember the incest, survivors usually try at
- first to minimize the damage by saying, "It only lasted two
- years," or "It's only my brother." Many times they will find a
- great deal of support in this denial from other members of their
- family, their spouses or their friends, who do not want to talk
- about incest any more than the victims do. Men are particularly
- adept at trying to downplay the effects of abuse. "It was just
- supposed to be part of growing up," says Harold Watson, 38, an
- artist in New York City.
- </p>
- <p> Hundreds of self-help groups have sprouted all over the
- country. Society's League Against Molestation provides
- counseling and nationwide referrals over the phone
- (1-609-858-7800). Most survivors find that they cannot navigate
- the recovery process without professional help. Often that means
- at least two years of psychotherapy.
- </p>
- <p> Some survivors transform themselves from victims to
- activists. Until Patti and Kelvin Barton of Everett, Wash.,
- lobbied their state legislature three years ago to enact a new
- law, it was almost impossible for anyone to bring civil charges
- of childhood sexual abuse after the victim turned 21. Because
- many incest survivors, like Patti, do not even realize their
- childhood experiences until they are well into adulthood, they
- had few legal options against their abusers. The Washington law
- now allows people three years to bring suit after the discovery
- of either the abuse or the injury it caused. A dozen other
- states have since followed Washington's example.
- </p>
- <p> Crucial to recovery is the act of breaking the silence.
- "It's very important for the survivor to tell at least one other
- person," says Laura Davis, co-author of The Courage to Heal, the
- text used most often by incest survivors attempting to recover.
- "They don't have to tell the whole world if they don't want to."
- But by speaking out even a little, survivors hope they can
- break the cycle of shame and prevent the next generation from
- suffering.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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